Contents

1 Motion JPEG [1]

• It is a simple extension of JPEG to compress sequences of images.
• Used for example in low-end photographic cameras.

2 Motion JPEG 2000

• It is a simple extension of JPEG 2000 to compress sequences of images.
• Used in high-end photographic cameras and image retrieving systems (such as the Helioviewer Project [2]).

3 MPEG-1 (Moving Picture Experts Group) Video

• ISO/IEC 11172 (part 2) standard (defined in 1993) for lossy compression of sequences of images.
• It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video, typically to 1.5 Mbps. Used initially in Video-CDs.
• Encoding algorithm:
  1. Split the image sequence into IPP... or IBP... GOPs.
  2. Compress the I (Intra-coded) image using JPEG.
  3. Predict (using motion estimation) P (Predicted) images using the previous I or P image. Predict the B (bi-directionally predicted) images using the previous I and P images. Pixel-to-pixel subtract to create the residue images (P or B). Produce a set of forward (P) or bi-directional (B) motion vectors.
  4. Transform the P and B residues with the DCT.
  5. Compress the motion and residues using Huffman Coding.

4 MPEG-2 Video

• ISO/IEC 13818 (part 2) standard (defined in 1996) for lossy compression of sequences of images.
• It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video, typically from 3 Mbps to 9.5 Mbps. Used in DVDs, Satellite TV and the DVB.
• Encoding algorithm: Almost the same than MPEG-1 Video.

5 MPEG-4 Video

• ISO/IEC 14496 (part 2) standard (defined in 1998) for lossy compression of sequences of images.
• Used in DivX. Better compression ratios than MPEG-2 (and MPEG-1).
• Encoding algorithm: Almost the same than MPEG-2 Video (the same algorithms are used but with a higher computational cost, for example, incrementing the accuracy of the motion estimation process).

6 H.264/AVC

• ISO/IEC 14496 (MPEG-4, Part 10) standard (defined in 2003) for lossy compression of sequences of images.
• Used in DVB and Blu-ray. Better compression ratios than MPEG-4.
• Encoding algorithm: Almost the same than MPEG-4 Video (Part 2).

7 H.264/SVC (MPEG-4 Part 10, Annex G)

• ISO/IEC 14496 (part 10, Annex G) standard (defined in 2007) for scalable compression of sequences of image.
• Experimental lossy-to-lossless (coarse-grain progressive) codec. Backwards compatible with H.264/AVC.
• Encoding algorithm:
  1. Create a laplacian pyramid of the video (up to 3 spatial resolution levels).
  2. Compress each spatial resolution level using H.264/AVC.

8 H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)

• Jointly developed by the ISO/IEC MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) and ITU-T VCEG (Video Coding Experts Group) as ISO/IEC 23008-2 MPEG-H Part 2 and ITU-T H.265.
• First version finished in 2013.
• Encoding algorithm: Similar to H.264/AVC, but more efficient.

9 Theora

• A lossy video compression codec developed in 2002/2003 by the the Xiph.Org Foundation.
• Derived from the proprietary VP3 codec, released into the public domain by On2 Technologies.
• Used in HTML5.
• Encoding algorithm: Very similar to MPEG-1, although only IPPP... encoding patters are allowed.

10 VP8 (WebM)

• VP8 is a lossy video compression format created by On2 Technologies and owned by Google who purchased it in 2010. Google also released libvpx, the reference implementation of VP8, under a BSD license.
• Used in HTML5.
• Encoding algorithm: Very similar to MPEG-2, although only IPPP... encoding patters are allowed.

References